THE NATURE OF TIME Time is three dimensional. It has three axes, one real, one imaginary and one original, around which all of creation revolves. Time can be quantized as being the resultant vector of an object's passage through two temporal dimensions, as such: to = sqrt(ti^2 + tr^2) where to = actual value of time ti = imaginary temporal vector tr = real temporal vector and tr = to(sqrt(1-(v^2/c^2))) This complex value of time is derived from the fusion of the Einsteinian equation for relative time and the pythagorean theorem. This same equation also applies to relative length. Different equations are required for mass, temperature and electric current, but I'm working on those. They are all the same equation, but define three different energetic properties. THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE In the beginning, there was naught throughout infinite space. Infinite space cannot be filled with nothing, therefore, everything occupied one singular point in space. Thus, a singularity was created which was not stable. In order to release itself from its spacial bindings, the singularity created time. In one direction through real time, the singularity released the infinite energy of its infinite density. This was the original white hole. The gravity generated by this infinite energy slowed some of the energy down to sublight speed, which caused it to travel foreward through time, and eventually the energy passed the point in time known as the origin of time. Once the energy passed the origin of time, it was consumed by the side of the singularity which absorbs matter, known as the original black hole. The black hole accelerated the energy's progression through imaginary time, and furthermore, backwards through real time until the gravity of the singularity slowed it down once more. The process was repeated over and over and over again, an infinite number of times, filling infinite space with infinite energy. Thus, the postulates of creation are: 1) Nothing occupies infinite space. 2) Everything occupies no space. 3) The resulting singularity inverts the relationship. Thus, the universe, all that exists, is the natural reaction to the existence of nothing. UNIVERSAL STRUCTURE Postulates of Universal Structure: 1) Everything in the universe has an equal, opposite and imaginary counterpart. 2) Since all points in space have an infinite amount of space around them in all directions, then all points in the universe can be construed as the centre of the universe. 3) Since all points in time have an infinite amount of time around them in all temporal directions, then all points in time can be construed as the origin of creation. 4) All points in space have 27 fundamental properties which can each be graphically represented in 27 seperate dimensions as such: Three Dimensions of Time (real, imaginary, original) Three Dimensions of Real Length (x, y, z) Three Dimensions of Real Mass Three Dimensions of Real Temperature (or relative motion) Three Dimensions of Real Electrical Current Three Dimensions of Imaginary Length Three Dimensions of Imaginary Mass Three Dimensions of Imaginary Temperature (or relative motion) Three Dimensions of Imaginary Electrical Current 5) All properties in the universe are mathematical functions of the 27 fundamental dimensions. 6) All consciousness in the universe is focussed on the origin of time at the centre of the universe, which can both be construed as every point in space/time, making the entire universe omniscient. 7) The consciousness of a being is the *current* focal point of universal consciousness. 8) 26 dimensions make up reality, in accordance with superstring theory. The 27th dimension, original time, contains infinite layers of reality. 9) A being which is capable of making an active decision to change its surroundings is capable of executing its own transition through original time, simply by making a decsion to change its surroundings. The will of such a being has a radionic effect on the imaginary properties of matter, energy and time and therefore, such a will can be translated into reality. The more chaotic the system which the will attempts to influence, the higher the probability for the desired event to occur. The transition through original time caused by active decisions eliminates the possibility of temporal paradoxes. The probability of relocating an object to the temporal plane from which the object originated is equal to one chance in infinity, making a return to a previously occupied temporal plane infinitely improbable, or impossible. POSTULATES OF COMPLEX RELATIVITY 1) The passage of real time for an object in an observer's perception contracts in relation to the object's velocity relative to the observer. Imaginary time is equal to the relative velocity of the object. 2) The real length of an object in an observer's perception contracts in relation to the object's velocity relative to the observer. Imaginary length is equal to the relative velocity of the object. 3) The real mass of an object in an observer's perception increases exponentially in relation to the object's velocity relative to the observer. The difference between an object's real mass and its imaginary mass is equal to infinity. 4) The real temperature of an object in an observer's perception increases exponentially in relation to the object's velocity relative to the observer. The difference between an object's real temperature and its imaginary temperature is equal to infinity. 5) The real electrical current of an object in an observer's perception increases exponentially in relation to the object's velocity relative to the observer. The difference between an object's real electrical current and imaginary electrical current is equal to infinity. 6) The equations of the first five postulates of this theory can be unified into one equation with which one can quantize anything in the universe. 7) There is no universal speed limit. If an object can absorb and thus, utilize, a mass of energy equal to its own mass for the purpose of acceleration, that object will move at the speed of light relative to its original position. If the same object were to continue to absorb and thus, utilize more energy for the purpose of its own acceleration, it would indeed travel faster than light, and backwards through time, until its acceleration curve bent its temporal trajectory back into the its original temporal direction. The speed at which this is first possible is twice the speed of light. 8) A consciousness is a centre of perception through which everything in the universe can be quantized. A conscious being, therefore, has the potential to access the complete knowledge of the universe, its entire history and to impose complete control over both. 9) The third dimension of time, which is called original time, contains infinite layers of reality, each of which is the exclusive domain of only one consciousness at any given time. Conclusion: The layer of the universe upon which you read this belongs entirely to you. You are not just the master of your own destiny, but rather, you have the potential to impose complete control over your entire perception of reality. ENJOY! The above message is © Dan R. Mohammed, 2003, and is protected by Canadian, American and International Copyright Law. All rights reserved. E-mail swiftinfo@staffmail.net to inquire about publication rights. Dan R. Mohammed Chairman of the Board, Swift Information Services, Inc.

 

 

 

PAPER ONE The Key Theory A Theory on the Nature, Structure and Function of Time. Part one explains the basic theory; where the nature, structure and function of time is explored. Contents include : 1. Nucleons: The Mass Basis - The prime role of the nucleus of an atom is to give matter a mass basis that will allow time to function. 2. Electrons: The Time Basis - The function of the electron is to stabilise the mass basis of an atom, while its bond with the nucleus creates an atomic element with a time basis. 3. Energy: The Principle of Action - The flow of energy is the motive power of change, therefore the root of time flow. 4. Photons: The Particles of Time - Photons are particles of time, with each photon emission and absorption being one tick, one instant or quanta second of a larger event. It's the endless exchange of quanta energy from the whole that creates time flow in the micro and macroscopic world. 5. Forces: The Controlling Factors of Matter and Time - Forces are responsible for the creation of 3 dimensional space in which 'form' can exist; having length, width and height. Forces are also responsible for the creation of energy, the motive power of all activities and change, thereby creating the fourth dimension of time. 6. The Grand Principle - Atomic elements possess a mass basis and a time basis that combines under the influence of fundamental forces; and when coupled with a source of energy, being the motive power of change, matter is set in motion with a time function. Nucleons – the mass of matter Time, we are told is inseparably connected with space, giving what has been coined the ‘space-time continuum’. However, time is also inseparably connected with mass and energy, the stuff that makes up matter, the material of our universe. It’s the stuff that moves and ages in time, from freshness to decay, from youth to old age, from simple atomic elements to highly structured forms that can breath, think and reproduce itself. It’s the stuff that makes up our planet, a world that’s in a state of constant change from one day to the next. It's the stuff that makes up the sun, which provides our need for light, warmth and food. It’s the physical connections time has with matter that directed my path of research, not the mathematical and exotic abstract connections it has with space, as wonderful as they are. Therefore, the first step to finding or understanding the physical link between time and matter was to delve into the structure of matter. In the course of history we have come to understand that matter is made of substances or a mixture of substances that have atomic elements as their base structures, and that these atomic elements are the building blocks of matter, from the smallest microscopic to the largest cosmic object. Within the framework of these building blocks we find packets of interacting fundamental particles - the proton, the neutron and the electron. Each one of these particles have mass, which is the property of heaviness, and the greatest portion of this mass is located at the nucleus of atoms by way of protons and neutrons. The mass of these two particles are found to be approximately 1480 times greater than their surrounding neighbours, the electrons. From this we can surmise that the nucleus contains practically all the mass of an atom, while the mass contributed by the electrons is negligible. With this in mind the first principle must state:- 1 – Since the nucleus contains about 99.9% of the mass of an atom, its prime role is to give matter a Mass Basis. Electrons – the platform of time A nucleus of centralised mass by itself however, is of no use; it requires something else to allow it to function as an atomic element. That something else, as we know, is the electron; which, as previously mentioned contributes almost nothing towards the mass of an element, yet its presence is vital in the creation of substance. Since it makes no contribution towards the mass of a substance, it must have some other function or principle applied to it. Within the structure of atoms we find negatively charged electrons distributed around its nucleus in various energy levels called shells, that act as stabilisers for the positively charged protons of the nucleus. Also, the electrons of the two outer most shells have been found to act as agents for energy exchange through the emission and absorption of quanta particles called photons; and this, as we shall see has a direct link with the creation of time. During the exchange of energy an electron either jumps to a higher energy level on the absorption of quanta or to a lower level when emitting energy. It’s this action alone that drives chemical and bio-chemical processes, and even physical events through time by one of time’s fundamental characteristics, the process of change. The idea of time operating by the process of change is not new; it’s a common thought among many philosophers and scientists. No matter what form of change is taking place, the process of change is always linked with some form of energy transfer, without it time would not be able to manifest itself. It’s through change that we see evidence of growth, of progression, of motion, of ageing and decay; and it’s this change from one condition to another that creates the experience of our passage through time. See fig 1 The presence of electrons therefore, is vital in the creation of matter with a time function, with a moment of time being created whenever an electron emits or absorbs quanta energy. Without it, there would be no chemical, bio-chemical or physical events taking place to move matter from one state or condition to another, therefore no flow or passage of time. The electron therefore appears to be the platform or stage where time is created through the process of atomic change, and as long as atomic processes are going on time will always manifest itself. This view caused me to consider the second principle which states:- 2 The function of the electron is to stabilise the mass basis of the nucleus, while its bond with the nucleus creates an atomic element with a time basis. Energy - the principle of action We now have two key principles; one that has set up the mass basis of matter and the other setting up the time function of matter. But matter cannot function with these two principles alone; a principle of action is required to cause change, thus allowing time to manifest itself. That principle of action comes by way of energy, the driving force of all events. Without energy everything would be static and unchanging. Reason therefore tells us that the flow of time relies on the exchange of energy from one body to another, creating the action of change, which as already stated, is a fundamental characteristic of time. So it’s necessary to add the principle of action to the theory of time, stating the fact that:- 3 The exchange of energy is the motive power of change, therefore the root of time flow. Photons – the particles of time In wave mechanics, the German physicist Max Planck put forward the proposal that radiation was given off in chunks of energy he called ‘quanta’. We have since those days accepted the fact that electromagnetic waves contain many billions of quanta, or photons, racing through space like endless strings of beads. These pulses of energy, as Einstein himself has suggested, appears to act like the ticks of time, with each pulse or quanta emission and absorption being the result of a change of an electron level. That's exactly how I perceived time to be, with each and every individual photon behaving like particles of time, each particle being one tick, one instant amongst countless billions of instances. It’s the continuation and amalgamation of these particles of time from the whole that creates the seemingly endless flow of time, wherein we observe and experience constant change. Therefore, a fourth principal needs to be created here to state:- 4 - Photons are particles of time, with each photon emission and absorption being one tick, one instant or quanta second of a larger event. It’s the endless exchange of quanta energy from the whole that creates time flow in the micro and macroscopic world. Forces – the controlling factor Finally, there’s one other principle, that needs to be taken into account to complete this basic theory - and that is the effect of forces. Forces are a universal requirement for all existence and is the prime factor in the creation of matter and time. Without it, nothing could come into being. If forces didn’t have the ability of having an influence on each other and even on itself, its influence on matter and energy would be zero. Space, mass, energy and force would melt into the vacuum of space. However, forces do exist, and they have two fundamental roles within our universe:- 1 They are responsible for the creation of 3 dimensional space in which form can exist; having length, width and height. 2 They are also responsible for the creation of energy, the motive power of all activities and change, thereby create the fourth dimension of time. There are 4 basicknown forces in operation, of which the following is a brief outline of their functions:- Gravity – A cosmic force that increases in strength whenever there’s an increase in mass that has control of celestial bodies. Electric force – A force that controls elements, compounds and molecules and is the mother of electromagnetic radiation. Strong force No 1 – A force that acts as a glue to hold the nucleus of atoms together. Weak force No 2 – A force found in exploding stars. Of these, the two major forces that appears to relate to time more than any of the others are gravity and electric forces. Gravity, as postulated by Einstein, has an influence on photons effecting their rate of emission, and therefore having an effect on time. He stated that the more massive a body the greater the effect would be. But when mass becomes too great it will collapse under the force of its own gravity. In such conditions it is believed that time will bend back on itself, or it may even cease to function in which case time will cease to function. This has been one of the views of time existing near or inside black holes, and also at velocities close to that of light where mass increases to such a degree that time functions are slowed down. Gravitational mass it seems has a direct link with the rate of time flow. The electric force however, is a force responsible for the creation of electromagnetic energy, and as we have already indicated is the source of atomic activities and of time flow. These two major forces, alongside the others have the ability to influence mass, energy, time and space, which leads to a fifth principle stating:- 5 The fundamental forces of nature are the controlling factors of our existence. They create the 3 dimensions of space, holding matter together to give them form and substance. They also provide the means for energy transfer, from which time flow and motion is born. The Grand Principle These five basic principles I believe give a simple and unmistakable understanding on the function and nature of time, which in summary can be unified into a 'grand principle' defining the idea that:- Atomic elements possess a mass basis and a time basis that combines under the influence of fundamental forces; and when coupled with a source of energy, being the power of change, matter is set into motion Additions to Principles of the Key Theory. 1. The Mass Basis: An extension to Principle 1 - Mass-time. On the cosmic scale, mass can have an effect on the emission rate of photons, therefore on the velocity (passage) of time. 2. The Time Basis: An Extension to Principle 2 - The Event Horizon of Atomic Elements. The outer electrons of an atomic element is the boundary where the making and breaking of chemical elements take place. It is the event horizon of atomic events, the stage where a single moment or particle of time is created by virtue of a chemical change, change being the prime characteristic of passing time. 3. Energy, the Root of Time Flow: An Extension to Principle 3 - Work and Moments. The passage of time is directly linked with change, and the act of a change is the result of energy at work; energy that comes from the motion of a wave possessing a succession of packages or moments of energy at points described as wave crests. 4. Photons, the ticks of Time: An Extension to principle 4 - Time Waves. Photons, the moments of a time wave possess three factors; a past factor, a now factor and a future factor. This creates a condition where 'past, now and future' are unified into a time wave that exists in the present, the stage where events unfold. 5. Forces: An Extension to Principle 5 - The Ultimate Entity. A single self attracting Force may be the ultimate nature of particles, tightly bound into a single point to become the physical being of a fundamental particle. PAPER 2 - Additions to the Key Theory The Mass Basis: An Addition to Principle 1 (Mass-time) Mass is a property of all substance, giving body and weight to matter. In more precise terms it’s considered to be a measure of gravitation and inertia, while in general terms as being a measure of bulk. Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity explains mass as having an effect on time, where it predicts that processes will be slower on a large mass than it would be on a small mass because of the photon’s decreased energy due to the influence of the gravitational field of the larger mass. The emission of one photon can be viewed as one tick of time corresponding to one vibration, and the vibration of a nucleus can be considered as acting like the ticking of a clock. When the frequency of vibration decrease, the nuclear clock is slowing down, therefore a decreased frequency can be interpreted as a slowing down of time itself. In 1938 an experiment called the ‘Ives Experiment’ was set up to test the theory of time dilation. Hydrogen atoms were accelerated to a velocity of about 1,100 mps., which increased their masses relative to their masses at rest; as a result, it was found that the measure of vibrations decreased corresponding to an increase in the time per vibration. So in fact, time did slow down according to Einstein’s theory. Another, but more modern experiment using two atomic clocks was used to put the theory of time dilation to a further test. One clock was given velocity by setting off on a long flight around the world while the other was left on the ground in a state of rest. When the moving clock returned it was found that it had slowed down by a tiny fraction of a second compared to the clock at rest. This again proved that time dilation is a reality. With these proven facts we have a beginning, the first experimental steps leading towards an understanding of how time could be controlled by gravitational mass, which can be defined as mass-time. The Time Basis: An Addition to Principle 2 (The Event Horizon) In the Key Theory, it describes atoms as having a time basis as well as a mass basis, and that all events of change are in one way or another linked to the emission and absorption of energy by atoms via its time basis. The transfer of energy is the only means by which chemical change can occur when a time particle trades its energy with an electron for an atomic event. The outer edge or atomic boundary is the area of action, the stage or event horizon where time and events interact. At the event horizon atomic events result in the making and breaking of chemical elements, thus changing the condition or composition of matter. A solitary atomic event contributes nothing but one single moment or step in time, but when there are billions upon billions of atomic events at the event horizon the result is a continuous stream of change we observe and experience as being the passing of time. Energy-The Root of Time Flow: An Addition to Principle 2 (Work and Moments) One of the fundamental principles of physics tells us that energy has the capacity to do work; it can activate chemical, biological and physical events. It can make rain, change the weather, change our environment, boil an egg, create new stars and planets, and even create life. These acts of change are the results of energy at work, moving matter on its natural course through space and time. Setting up a simple experiment using ice we can visualise the progression of time flow motivated by the application of a source of energy, which in this model is heat. See Fig 2 When the heat source is applied it agitates the frozen water molecules to the point where they begin to vibrate to such a degree that the electrical bonding between them loses its grip, until eventually the molecules start to break away, rolling over each other as a flowing liquid. The illustrated ice model shows at a simple level, the progression of matter through time by the process of change brought about by work that was put into effect by a flow of energy. Moments All energies possessing a wave structure such as those found in electromagnetic waves, acoustic waves and even water ripples have wave crests corresponding to points of action; each wave crest being a moment of energy, a single time event. Returning to principle 4, it states that a photon could be viewed as being one quanta second, but it may be more appropriate to refer to it as a moment of time, and would suggest that the measure of a moment would be the same for all moments. Duration however, is found in the space between each wave crest or moment, which can be short or long, depending on the frequency of the wave in question. The higher the frequency the shorter the measurable duration between moments, and if it were possible to reach a frequency that equals the moment of a time particle then duration would be equal to a moment in measure. It wouldn't be possible to have a measure of duration that is shorter than the moment. Time particles need not only be photonic in nature; they could be any fundamental particle that exists collectively as a waveform, such as the electron beam for example. Here, the speeding electron is a time particle, which has the property of a moment in a wave crest and has the energy to produce work thus creating an animated effect through change. Even those coarser acoustic waves and water ripples have moments, where the particles of its medium behave like time particles that also have energy with the capacity to do work, resulting in its specific effect of sound and motion. Acoustic waves for example convey useful information by way its moments of energy which we perceive as sound, with its change in pitch, loudness, softness, coarseness, sweetness and duration creating the time effect. Not only can useful and pleasant information be carried within its frequencies; its energy can react violently with matter and carry it through time in a most destructive manner, thereby changing matter in physical terms. The same applies to aquatic waves. Although they don’t usually convey useful information in the same way as sound waves, they do however have an effect on matter through the moments of its energy. Its energy can influence matter in physical ways such as the erosion of river banks and shorelines, of shifting sand, sediment and rock etc; adding to the overall effect of passing time, as in all other instances, through the process of change. Photons -The Ticks if Time:An addition to Principle 4 (TimeWaves) Principle 4states that a photon can be viewed as one moment, or one tick of time, and it'sthe endless emission and absorption of photons that creates the flow oftime. As alreadymentioned, asinglephoton makes no contribution towards the time floweffect; but when there's a succession of photons the result is a flow of energyin the form of electromagnetic waves from which time is born. These waves are infacttime wavesthat hold information of past events within itsfrequencies and also have the potential of causing future changes. The moment ofemission or absorption of photons reacting with thetime basisat theevent horizon is where time relate to the momentnow, being the moment ofactivity causing a change of an electron position to either a higher or lowerenergy level. After emissionfrom the time basis the photon is a free agent, joining billions of otherphotons to become part of a time wave. As a free moving particle the photoninherits apast factorand holds its own record of the event due to thefact that the photon was an emitted particle. However, in due course it willeventually be absorbed by another time basis, and that inevitable absorptiongives the photon afuture factor. Not only does thephoton possess a past and future factor, it also has anow factorbyvirtue of its existence as an individual and separate particle.Itcontinues to be that momentnowfor as long as it exists outside the timebasis between its moment of emission and eventual absorption. We can visualiseelectromagnetic radiation as being time waves consisting of time particles witheach particle possessinga past, the moment now and a future factor. Thisview of time leads me to the idea thatthe past, the moment now and thefutureare fused together within what we call thepresent, the stagewhere events unfold. See Fig 3 Forces - TheControlling Factors:An Addition to principle 5 (The UltimateEntity) The forces ofnature are the active ingredients of all existence. They are the stabilisers anddestroyers of structure and the hairsprings of time. Physical matteris made from atomic elements and compounds, a material we call substance thatconsist of fundamental particles of protons, neutrons and electrons. It's alsotaught that these particle are in turn made from quarks, the building blocks ofatomic components. Many it seems are interchangeable. No matter how farwe go on dividing and sub-dividing fundamental particles, one common factorthese particles always appear to have is a force of one kind or another;certainly of gravity in non other. Surely this must tell us something of theirultimate nature. No matter how many times particles are broken down into smallerand smaller bits and yet still possess a force, leads me to believe that theultimate nature of a particle isforce. As with all formsof matter, whether it be cosmic or sub-atomic, forces are a necessary part oftheir existence. I would suggest that a fundamental particle is a forceattracting and holding itself together as a single package. When tightly boundinto a single point it becomes the physical being of a fundamental particle thatcan interact with other particles, creating larger masses with geometric forms.